Jugaad

Jugaad (Hindi: जुगाड़) has roots in post-independence rural Punjab, India, where farmers improvised motorized transport by mounting irrigation pump engines onto salvaged vehicle parts — the contraption itself was called a jugaad. The word, meaning roughly "to procure by any means," remained largely local until the early 2000s, when management consultants began citing India's frugal ingenuity as a global business model. The concept reached a wide international audience in 2012, when Navi Radjou and co-authors published Jugaad Innovation through Cambridge Judge Business School, framing it as a scalable philosophy of flexible, frugal growth.