Turing Test

British mathematician Alan Turing proposed the test in his landmark 1950 paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence, published in the journal Mind. Rather than asking whether machines can think, Turing reframed the question as an "imitation game" in which a human judge tries to distinguish between a machine and a person through written conversation alone. He predicted that by the year 2000, computers would fool an average interrogator at least 30% of the time after five minutes of questioning.