Thinking Fast Vs. Thinking Slow
System 1 Vs. System 2 Thinking
The notion that there is a dichotomy between two "modes" of thought: ‘System 1' representing the fast, instinctive and emotional, where ‘System 2' is slower, more deliberative, and more logical.
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Origin
Israeli-American psychologist Daniel Kahneman popularized the dual-process framework in his 2011 bestseller Thinking, Fast and Slow, drawing on decades of research with Amos Tversky on cognitive biases and prospect theory. Kahneman won the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for this work — notably, he never took an economics course.
Updated February 22, 2026