Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy

The exact origin of the name is disputed, but the underlying metaphor — a Texan who fires at a barn wall, then paints a bull's-eye around the tightest cluster of holes — first appeared in the scientific literature in 1977, when epidemiologist Seymour Grufferman used it to warn against misreading disease clusters in a paper on Hodgkin's disease. The named fallacy spread through epidemiology and critical-thinking circles during the 1990s.