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Johari Window

Known Unknowns Vs. Unknown Unknowns

The categorization of knowledge about a topic where 'known unknowns' are risks that one is aware of, while 'unknown unknowns' are risks that come from situations that are so unexpected that they would not be considered.

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Origin

Named for psychologists Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham who devised the broader concept into a 2x2 matrix in 1955 as a self-help exercise. Famously used in 2002 to articulate military intervention by the US into Iraq due to 'unknown' existence of weapons of mass destruction.