Cognitive Biases

The framework was established by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Their 1972 paper on subjective probability introduced systematic mental errors, and their landmark 1974 article "Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases" in Science catalogued the anchoring, availability, and representativeness heuristics that distort rational judgment. Kahneman received the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2002; Tversky had died in 1996 and was ineligible.