Force Multiplier

The concept predates the term — Napoleon articulated the underlying principle in his observation that "the moral is to the physical as three to one." Military historian Trevor N. Dupuy was among the first to formalise "force multipliers" mathematically in his 1977 book Numbers, Predictions and War. The phrase became standard U.S. Army doctrine in the 1982 AirLand Battle field manual, which used force multipliers as a framework for integrating combined arms against a numerically superior Warsaw Pact threat.