Continued Influence Effect
Learning "facts" about an event that later turn out to be false or unfounded, yet the discredited information continues to influence reasoning and understanding even after one has been corrected.
Origin
British psychologists A. L. Wilkes and M. Leatherbarrow at the University of Dundee published the foundational experiment in 1988 in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, showing that corrections to a fictitious warehouse fire story failed to eliminate reliance on discredited details. American psychologists Hollyn Johnson and Colleen Seifert at the University of Michigan named and formalized the "continued influence effect" in a 1994 paper, finding that over 90% of subjects referenced discredited information. The work built on Elizabeth Loftus's earlier research on the misinformation effect in eyewitness testimony.
Everyday Use
A news headline falsely links a politician to a scandal. The retraction runs the next day, but months later people still associate that politician with wrongdoing. Once misinformation lodges in your mental model of an event, corrections struggle to fully dislodge it — your brain keeps reaching for the discredited "fact" when reasoning about the topic.